The following are the components that should have an effective leader and efficient. According to Ruth M. Tappen in the book "Nursing Leadership and Management: Concepts and Practice" (1995) 3th ed. is the Knowledge, Self Awareness, Communication, Energy, Goals and Action
KNOWLEDGE
A leader must have good knowledge about leadership and the science of his profession the scope of work consisting of cognitive knowledge and skill / skill. A leader will be confronted with certain situations where he must take the right decision in solve problems. The basis for making the right decision is the knowledge and critical thinking skills possessed.
Therefore, to become an effective leader who mampumengambil the right decision in a particular situation then the thirst to have knowledge about:
a. Leadership
A leader must know about the concept of basic human needs, motivation theory, the theory work in groups and behavioral sciences. With this knowledge it will be better able to understand the character of the fruit / subordinates and this can help leaders in determining what action should be done to subordinates for Facebook to affect motivation and behavior for Dapa work together to achieve goals.
A leader must also be aware of leadership styles appropriate for certain situations so that they can take the right attitude in certain situations. Leaders also must have a clear vision and must mensosialissikan and communicate that vision to subordinates so that subordinates work not by necessity but because they also wanted it.
Some people are born with talent and character of a leader, but the nature and character of leadership can be learned and trained to become leaders who efekif and efficient.
b. Knowledge of the scope of the profession
A leader must have good knowledge about the scope of the profession both cognitive knowledge and skill or skills so that he could be a role model and role model for subordinates, Dapa add dn give positive energy to subordinates in carrying out the task.
c. Critical thinking / critical thinking
A leader must have the ability to think critically in terms of making the right decisions for the benefit of clients and in providing direction to subordinates. The results from critical thinking will find new and more effective methods so that subordinates work bkan just mlakukan thing that has become routine but can try new things more positive.
SELF AWARENESS
Good leaders must know themselves well, beginning with evaluating the advantages and disadvantages held that the lack of it can be improved. It should also be an evaluation of the feelings and situation-related and coping mechanisms that do. Identification of coping is done and correct the destructive or maladaptive coping coping towards a constructive or no harm and hurt yourself and others.
With good self-awareness that we will realize that no human is perfect, everyone has the right to experience and express a sense of happy, sad, disappointed, happy, anxious nd so on. A good leader should be able to recognize the signs of this in his subordinates and was always trying to learn how to deal with the condition that there is a good way.
A good self-awareness will build a sense of empathy that will form a sense of closeness, trust with subordinates so that it will build a harmonious working atmosphere, mutual respect with subordinates to facilitate the cooperation in achieving goals. A good leader does not hesitate to ask for evaluations from subordinates about kepemmpinannya style and vice versa. Inputs which will serve as motivation for change towards a better self.
COMMUNICATIONS
Communication is the heart of leadership. A leader must have good communication skills to friends and subordinates because good communication is a strategy in influencing others.
Communication techniques that have owned them:
a. Active listening
A good leader would understand that listening to subordinates will make them feel appreciated and is a means to get feed back from them. Do clarification with the right questions and does not hurt to get accurate information in making decisions. Active listening will make the subordinate to express feelings so that the psychological needs can be met and at the same time reducing the anxiety she felt.
b. Develop direction / flow of information
Leaders must establish an effective communication channel so as to avoid any miscommunication between a good leader with subordinates, peers and subordinates with the patient. Therefore, good leaders must establish an atmosphere or flow of good communication at the time and did not meet face to face.
c. Assertive
A good leader must have the nature of subordinate assertive. Leaders must make time to receive input both from patients and from subordinates and vice versa. Inputs delivered in ways that build, clear, constructive and not hurt.
A good leader if it finds errors committed by subordinates do not remove the words that make subordinates feel so guilty and hurt him. A good feedback is to give wise words without hurting followed by the provision of information about what should be done
d. Give each other feedback
The team members or subordinates requires evaluation or feedback as well as a leader. Feedback serves to enhance self awareness / self-awareness to prevent negative assumptions against a person's behavior and for a guidance and motivation in the process of change towards the better.
e. Linking and networking
A leader must have a point and a clear and easy access both in obtaining the latest information and in communicating with professionals or other agencies that can help them work together in teams in menyelesikan an existing problem. Leaders must have extensive relationships with other professions to facilitate the cooperation
f. Communicating vision
A leader must have a clear vision and must mengkomnikasikan well to his subordinates. The ability to communicate the vision with good will to build motivation, cooperation, and provide good energy for work ntuk subordinates in achieving its objectives. Vision is clear and attractive will make subordinates are motivated to work not because of compulsion but because merteka also want that.
ENERGY
A leader must continually come up with good energy in the appearance and job. To have good energy and good spirit then a leader must have confidence and have a balanced life so that energy can be continuously maintained.
Energy or spirit which is owned by someone else will be transmitted keorang. Just as we can be sad with the sadness of others, we can portion to the happiness of others and we also have the spirit and full of energy because the environment of our friends too vigorously.
Leaders who are always seen the spirit in appearance and work will motivate subordinates to improve motivation and productivity of work. The energy possessed by a leader will affect the response against himself and his subordinates to work performed.
Goals / objectives
Goals are what will diralisasikan or direction to be achieved, the reason a person and is the motivation to do something / do certain pekejaan. A leader must have clear objectives which include What. Who, Why and How. These goals must then be communicated to subordinates so that they can accept, understand and agree that goal so it can be discussed together how to achieve them.
ACTION
A good leader is good at taking the right decision and action-oriented / action. To be able to take decisions and act well then a leader must have the knowledge, self-awareness, the ability to communicate well, energy, and clear objectives. A leader must be a good role model in the way of his leadership, the performance of duties as well as in building cooperation and work together with others including subordinates.
A leader must have the ability and high professional skill that is characterized by knowledge and good skills. Have good planning skills, coordination, evaluation and organization subordinate to the good as well as a support system and a good role model for subordinates.
A leader must always be full of spirit and has great energy so as to influence subordinates to increase productivity in the work. A good leader is always full of initiative and courage to take risks in implementing new things that are useful in simplify and accelerate the process of achieving goals and dare to face the other party that are inconsistent with it and determined fight for the truth he believed.
Of the six components that should have an effective leader on the later enhanced by Ruth M. Tappen in the book Essentials of nursing leadership and management.3th ed. (2004), that an effective leader must have a personal quality and the quality of the following behaviors:
Personal quality: integrity, dare to take risks, initiative, energy, optimistic, never give up (perseverance), balance, ability to deal with stress, and self-awareness and have the quality of behavior such as: Critical Thinking, Resolving the problem (solve problems), Respect / value people others, ability to communicate the good, Have a purpose and communicating the vision and enhance the ability of self and others.